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1.
Curr Hypertens Rep ; 2024 Mar 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38512586

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the complex relationship between obesity and preeclampsia (PE) and emphasizes the clinical implications of this association. It highlights the crucial role of screening tools in assessing individual risk and determining the need for additional antenatal care among women with obesity. The review investigates various markers for identifying the risk of developing PE, while emphasizing the significance of interventions such as exercise, weight management, and a balanced diet in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia and improving outcomes for both mother and fetus. RECENT FINDINGS: Actually, there is a global pandemic of obesity, particularly among women of childbearing age and pregnant women. PE, which is characterized by maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and complications, affects 2-4% of pregnancies worldwide, posing significant risks to maternal and perinatal health. Women with obesity face an elevated risk of developing PE due to the systemic inflammation resulting from excess adiposity, which can adversely affect placental development. Adipose tissue, rich in proinflammatory cytokines and complement proteins, contributes to the pathogenesis of PE by promoting the expression of antiangiogenic factors in the mother. This review emphasizes the need for appropriate screening, interventions, and a holistic approach to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia and enhance maternal-fetal well-being, thus providing valuable insights into the multifaceted association between obesity and PE.

2.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 15(1): 9-15, mar2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435395

ABSTRACT

Hay poca información sobre el rol de la hipoxemia como factor de riesgo de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la hipoxemia como factor de riesgo independiente de HTA en un modelo de trabajo basado en pacientes reales examinados en una unidad de sueño. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo. Modelo predictivo mediante regresión logística múltiple para establecer la relación entre HTA y edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de apneas e hipopneas por hora de registro (IAH) y tiempo de saturación de oxígeno debajo de 90% (T90 > 3%). Resultados: incluimos 3854 pacientes (edad mediana 55 años), predominio varones (61.5%). Según el modelo, las variables asociadas con HTA fueron: edad (OR 3.27 ­ 3.29, IC95% 2.83 ­ 3.80, p < 0.0001), sexo masculino (OR 1.35, IC95% 1.17 ­ 1.56, p < 0.001), obesidad (OR 1.83, IC95% 1.59 ­ 2.11, p < 0.0001), IAH ≥ 15 eventos por hora (OR 1.22, IC95% 1.05 ­ 1.43, p < 0.01) y T90 ≥ 3% (OR 1.56 ­ 1.57, IC95% 1.32 ­ 1.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: en una población clínica con sospecha de apnea obstructiva del sueño, la hipoxemia (T90 ≥ 3%) se asoció con hipertensión arterial. (AU);


There is limited information about the role of hypoxemia degree as a risk factor for hypertension (HTN) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The objective of this study is to assess hypoxemia as an independent risk factor for HTN in a work model based on real-life patients examined at sleep unit. Methods: this retrospective study consisted of a predictive model using multiple logistic regression to establish the relationship between HTN and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and time below SO2 ≤ 90% (T90 ≥ 3%). Results: we included 3.854 patients (median age: 55 years), mostly men (61.5%). According to the model, the variables that were significantly associated with HTN were: age (OR: 3.27 ­ 3.29, CI95% 2.83 ­ 3.80, p < 0.0001), male sex (OR 1.35, CI95% 1.17 ­ 1.56, p < 0.001), Obesity (OR 1.83, CI95% 1.59 ­ 2.11, p < 0.0001), AHI > 15 events per hour (OR 1.22, CI95% 1.05 ­ 1.43, p < 0.01) and T90 ≥ 3% (OR 1.56 ­ 1.57, CI95% 1.32 ­ 1.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: in a clinical population of subjects suspected of OSA, nocturnal hypoxemia measure as T90 ≥ 3% was associated with HTN. (AU);


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Hypertension , Hypoxia , Obesity , Argentina , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 90(5): 375-379, set. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529534

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia mundial y es uno de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Hoy en día vivimos como sociedad en una época donde predomina el estrés, la depresión y la ansiedad: trastornos que generan una alta descarga simpática, lo cual resulta perjudicial para la salud cardiovascular. Es habitual que como médicos nos encontremos frente a pacientes que en consultorio y/o en salas de emergencias presentan algún grado de ansiedad asociado a registros elevados de presión arterial, y es frecuente que en estos casos el tratamiento elegido para la disminución de la presión arterial sean los ansiolíticos, y específicamente las benzodiazepinas. Actualmente no existen guías que avalen el uso de drogas ansiolíticas para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial, por lo que decidimos realizar una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar las evidencias sobre su indicación en el manejo de la hipertensión arterial.


ABSTRACT Hypertension is a worldwide prevalent disease and one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. Today we live in a society dominated by stress, depression and anxiety, disorders generating a high sympathetic discharge which is damaging for the cardiovascular health. It is usual that as physician we meet patients who in the office and/or emergency departments present some degree of anxiety associated with elevated blood pressure, and in these cases, the treatment chosen to decrease blood pressure is frequently anxiolytics, specially benzodiazepines. As currently no guidelines support the use of anxiolytics for blood pressure management, we decided to carry out a bibliographic review to assess the evidences of their indication to treat hypertension.

4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 82(4): 558-563, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35904911

ABSTRACT

Unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common surgically correctable cause of hypertension. Determination of success after laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is limited by the lack of standardized criteria. We sought to evaluate the surgical recurrence and functional outcomes of LA in patients with Conn's syndrome applying the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) Criteria. Descriptive observational analysis of patients treated with LA due to confirmed u nilateral Conn's syndrome between May 2007 and August 2020: Twenty patients were included in the cohort; 16 patients had TLA and other four PLA [58% male, median age 47 (IQR: 44-59.5) years and median follow-up of 64 (IQR: 2-156) ] months. Median tumor size was 1.2 (0.8-1.8) cm. No conversions to open surgery were recorded and the overall morbidity of the series was 1/20. No surgical or biochemical recurrence was observed. Five patients were excluded from the analysis of functional results due to lack of follow-up. According to the PASO criteria, complete, partial, and no success were observed in 8/15, 6/15, and 1/15, respectively. The surgical treatment of the disease is supported by the literature, and we were able to reproduce the results of other series. The use of standardized and reproducible criteria to assess its functional results would be essential for a more complete and integrated evaluation of adrenal surgery.


El hiperaldosteronismo primario es la causa más frecuente de hipertensión secundaria pasible de tratamiento quirúrgico. La determinación del éxito de la adrenalectomía laparoscópica (AL), actualmente, está limitada por la falta de criterios estandarizados. Buscamos evaluar la tasa de recurrencia quirúrgica y los resultados funcionales de la AL en pacientes con Síndrome de Conn aplicando los criterios PASO (primary aldosteronism surgical outcome). Análisis descriptivo y observacional de pacientes tratados con AL en contexto de síndrome de Conn unilateral confirmado, entre Mayo-2007 y Agosto-2020. Se incluyeron 20 pacientes en el estudio; 16 pacientes tratados mediante AL total y 4 con AL parcial (55% hombres, edad mediana de 47 (IQR: 44-59.5) años y mediana de seguimiento 64 (IQR: 2-156) meses. La mediana de tamaño tumoral fue de 1.2 (0.8-1.8) cm. No se registraron conversiones a cirugía abierta y la morbilidad global de la serie: 1/20. No se observó recurrencia quirúrgica o bioquímica. Se excluyeron 5 pacientes en el análisis de resultados funcionales por falta de seguimiento. Según los criterios PASO, se observó un éxito completo, parcial y ausente en 8/15, 6/15 y 1/15, respectivamente. El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad es avalado por la literatura y pudimos reproducir los resultados de otras series. El uso estandarizado y reproducible de criterios para valorar sus resultados funcionales sería fundamental para una evaluación más completa e integrada de la cirugía suprarrenal.


Subject(s)
Adrenalectomy , Hyperaldosteronism , Laparoscopy , Adrenalectomy/methods , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Hyperaldosteronism/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
5.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 9961, 2022 06 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35705598

ABSTRACT

Alteration of muscle activation sequence is a key mechanism in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Successful cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which has become standard therapy in these patients, is limited by the lack of precise dyssynchrony quantification. We implemented a computational pipeline that allows assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony by vectorcardiogram reconstruction from the patient's electrocardiogram. We defined a ventricular dyssynchrony index as the distance between the voltage and speed time integrals of an individual observation and the linear fit of these variables obtained from a healthy population. The pipeline was tested in a 1914-patient population. The dyssynchrony index showed minimum values in heathy controls and maximum values in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) or with a pacemaker (PM). We established a critical dyssynchrony index value that discriminates electrical dyssynchronous patterns (LBBB and PM) from ventricular synchrony. In 10 patients with PM or CRT devices, dyssynchrony indexes above the critical value were associated with high time to peak strain standard deviation, an echocardiographic measure of mechanical dyssynchrony. Our index proves to be a promising tool to evaluate ventricular activation dyssynchrony, potentially enhancing the selection of candidates for CRT, device configuration during implantation, and post-implant optimization.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy , Heart Failure , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Bundle-Branch Block/diagnosis , Bundle-Branch Block/therapy , Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/therapy , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Vectorcardiography
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(4): 558-563, 20220509. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405701

ABSTRACT

Abstract Unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common surgically correctable cause of hypertension. Determination of success after laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is limited by the lack of standardized criteria. We sought to evaluate the surgical recurrence and functional outcomes of LA in patients with Conn's syndrome applying the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) Criteria. Descriptive obser vational analysis of patients treated with LA due to confirmed u nilateral Conn's syndrome between May 2007 and August 2020: Twenty patients were included in the cohort; 16 patients had TLA and other four PLA [58% male, median age 47 (IQR: 44-59.5) years and median follow-up of 64 (IQR: 2-156) ] months. Median tumor size was 1.2 (0.8-1.8) cm. No conversions to open surgery were recorded and the overall morbidity of the series was 1/20. No surgical or biochemical recurrence was observed. Five patients were excluded from the analysis of functional results due to lack of follow-up. According to the PASO criteria, complete, partial, and no success were observed in 8/15, 6/15, and 1/15, respectively. The surgical treatment of the disease is supported by the literature, and we were able to reproduce the results of other series. The use of standardized and reproducible criteria to assess its functional results would be essential for a more complete and integrated evaluation of adrenal surgery.


Resumen El hiperaldosteronismo primario es la causa más frecuente de hipertensión secundaria pasible de tratamiento quirúrgico. La determinación del éxito de la adrenalectomía laparoscópica (AL), actualmente, está limitada por la falta de criterios estandarizados. Buscamos evaluar la tasa de recurrencia quirúrgica y los resultados funcionales de la AL en pacientes con Síndrome de Conn aplicando los criterios PASO (primary aldosteronism surgical outcome). Análisis descriptivo y observacional de pacientes tratados con AL en contexto de síndrome de Conn unilateral confirmado, entre Mayo-2007 y Agosto-2020. Se incluyeron 20 pacientes en el estudio; 16 pacientes tratados mediante AL total y 4 con AL parcial (55% hombres, edad mediana de 47 (IQR: 44-59.5) años y mediana de seguimiento 64 (IQR: 2-156) meses. La mediana de tamaño tumoral fue de 1.2 (0.8-1.8) cm. No se registraron conversiones a cirugía abierta y la morbilidad global de la serie: 1/20. No se observó recurrencia quirúrgica o bioquímica. Se excluyeron 5 pacientes en el análisis de resultados funcionales por falta de seguimiento. Según los criterios PASO, se observó un éxito completo, parcial y ausente en 8/15, 6/15 y 1/15, respectivamente. El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad es avalado por la literatura y pudimos reproducir los resultados de otras series. El uso estandarizado y reproducible de criterios para valorar sus resul tados funcionales sería fundamental para una evaluación más completa e integrada de la cirugía suprarrenal.

7.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 80(5): 479-486, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33048792

ABSTRACT

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition. OSA is defined as very severe when the apneas/ hypopneas index (AHI) is greater than 60 events/hour. However, its prevalence remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics from patients with OSA according to severity. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients > 18 years, assessed by respiratory polygraph. We evaluated a total of 5670 patients with a mean of age of 54.4 ± 14.3 years old, of which 3606 were included in the OSA group. The overall prevalence of very severe OSA was 4.8%, being higher in men than in women (6.8 vs 1.9%). This group of patients was younger than the less severe groups (54.7 ± 13.9: mild OSA; 56.5 ± 12.9: moderate OSA; 57.9 ± 13.0: severe OSA vs 51.5 ± 12.9 years in the very severe patients; p < 0.0001). The results showed a significant increase in the body mass index (BMI) of patients with very severe OSA (31.6 ± 6.9: mild OSA, 32.8 ± 6.6: moderate OSA, 34.0 ± 6.8 severe OSA vs 37.1 ± 8.5 extreme severity; p < 0.0001), with similar results in men, but not in women. Finally, drowsiness due to ESS > 10, showed a significant increase in the very severe group of both sexes; 43.2% vs 31.5% (severe OSA); 26.4% (moderate OSA) and 23.8% (mild OSA). Very severe OSA presented a prevalence of 4.8% of patients with OSA. According to previous publications in other studied populations, we found that patients with very severe OSA are younger and more obese than the less severe groups.


La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) constituye una afección prevalente. Se define AOS muy grave cuando el índice de apneas/hipopneas (IAH) es mayor a 60 eventos/hora. Sin embargo, su prevalencia sigue siendo incierta. El objetivo de este estudio fue d escribir la prevalencia y características de pacientes con AOS según la gravedad. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes > 18 años, evaluados mediante poligrafía respiratoria. Fueron evaluados 5670 de los cuales se incluyeron 3606 pacientes con AOS, con una media de edad de 54.4 ± 14.3 años. La prevalencia global de AOS muy grave fue de 4.8%, siendo mayor en hombres que en mujeres (6.8 vs. 1.9). Este grupo resultó más joven que los grupos de menor gravedad (54.7 ± 13.9: AOS leve; 56.5 ± 12.9: AOS moderado; 57.9 ± 13.1: AOS grave vs. 51.5 ± 12.9 años en los muy graves; p < 0.0001). Los resultados mostraron un aumento significativo del índice de masa corporal en aquellos con AOS muy grave (31.6 ± 6.9: AOS leve, 32.8 ± 6.6: AOS moderado, 34.0 ± 6.8 AOS grave vs. 37.1 ± 8.5 de gravedad extrema; p < 0.0001), con resultados similares en hombres, pero no en mujeres. Finalmente, la somnolencia por ESS > 10, mostró un aumento significativo en el grupo muy graves de ambos sexos; 43.2% vs. un 31.5% (AOS grave); 26.4% (AOS moderado) y un 23.8% (AOS leve). El AOS muy grave presenta una prevalencia del 4.8% de los pacientes con AOS. En acuerdo con publicaciones previas en otras poblaciones estudiadas, encontramos que los pacientes con AOS muy graves, son más jóvenes y obesos que los grupos de menor gravedad.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 88(4): 331-337, jul. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250995

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión arterial y las apneas e hipopneas obstructivas del sueño son patologías de alta prevalencia frecuentemente relacionadas, fundamentalmente en pacientes con hipertensión arterial resistente. En los pacientes con esta afección, los niveles de aldosterona se correlacionan con la gravedad de la apnea obstructiva del sueño y su bloqueo reduce la gravedad. Se ha afirmado que la apnea obstructiva del sueño podría aumentar la secreción de esta hormona y que este podría llegar a ser uno de los mecanismos involucrados en el aumento de la presión arterial. Sin embargo, poca evidencia demuestra su relación con la gravedad de la apnea obstructiva del sueño en la población con sospecha de hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre aldosterona plasmática y la apnea obstructiva del sueño en pacientes con sospecha de hipertensión arterial sin tratamiento farmacológico. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo. El diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial se realizó mediante monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial. La sospecha clínica de apnea obstructiva del sueño fue evaluada mediante poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria autoadministrada y se definió gravedad según el índice de apneas e hipopneas por hora de registro. La medición de aldosterona plasmática se realizó en una extracción matinal en la misma evaluación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 109 pacientes. La apnea obstructiva del sueño presentó mayor nivel basal de aldosterona independientemente que fuesen o no hipertensos (p < 0,05) y existió un incremento escalonado a medida que aumentaba la gravedad de la apnea obstructiva del sueño en pacientes normotensos (p < 0,05), mientras que, en el grupo de hipertensión arterial, se halló el mismo patrón, pero sin diferencias significativas. Conclusión: Se pudo observar un aumento proporcional de los valores de aldosterona, glucemia y riesgo cardiovascular a medida que se incrementaba la gravedad de la apnea del sueño.


ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension and obstructive sleep apneas and hypopneas are highly prevalent, frequently associated diseases, mainly in patients with resistant hypertension. In these patients, aldosterone levels correlate with obstructive sleep apnea severity and its blockade reduces seriousness. It has been reported that obstructive sleep apnea could intensify aldosterone secretion and this could be one of the mechanisms that increase blood pressure. However, there is little evidence demonstrating its relationship with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in the population with suspected hypertension. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the association between plasma aldosterone and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with suspected hypertension without pharmacological treatment. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive observational study. Hypertension was diagnosed by ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure. The clinical suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea was evaluated by self-administered home respiratory polygraphy and severity was defined according to the apnea-hypopnea index per registry hour. Plasma aldosterone was assessed from a morning blood sample in the same evaluation session. Results: A total of 109 patients were included in the study. Baseline aldosterone was higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea independently of whether they were or not hypertensive (p <0.05). A stepwise aldosterone increase was found as obstructive sleep apnea was more severe in normotensive patients (p <0.05), while in the hypertensive group, the same pattern was found, but without significant differences. Conclusion: A proportional increase in aldosterone, blood glucose and cardiovascular risk was found with increased sleep apnea severity.

9.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 88(3): 216-221, mayo 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250972

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por Covid-19 llevó a la necesidad de tomar medidas de contención masivas, pero llevó a una disminución de consultas, estudios diagnósticos y tratamientos y en internaciones por eventos cardiovasculares, encefalovasculares y cáncer. Objetivo: Conocer el acceso a la atención médica e información sanitaria en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares durante el aislamiento social obligatorio y preventivo en Argentina. Resultados: Se evaluaron 1487 encuestas. La edad media fue de 56,17 (DE ± 14,0) y el 66,8% de los encuestados eran de sexo femenino. El 38,9% residían en Gran Buenos Aires; el 27,1%, en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. La principal enfermedad cardiovascular reportada como más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial (52,1%); el 42% dijo haber necesitado atención médica; y el 57,9% no pudo acceder, lo que, en el 68,2%, se debió al sistema de salud. Solo el 16,4% no requirió asistencia por miedo al COVID-19. El 72% necesitó recetas, y el 13% no las consiguió. Accedieron con normalidad a vacunación el 41,4%. El aislamiento social obligatorio fue cumplido por el 92,4%. Finalmente, el 54,6% se sintió desprotegidos por el sistema de salud. Conclusiones: Creemos que es de vital importancia garantizar el acceso de la población con enfermedades cardiovasculares crónicas, al sistema de salud con el fin de adecuar los controles y minimizar las internaciones por descompensación, dado que se trata de una población de riesgo.


ABSTRACT Background: The COVID -19 pandemic led to the implementation of massive lockdown measures producing a reduction in consultations, diagnostic tests, treatments and admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and cancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the access to medical care and health care information in patients with cardiovascular diseases during social, preventive, and mandatory confinement in Argentina. Results: A total of 1,487 surveys were analyzed. Mean age was 56.17 ± 14.0 years; 66.8% of survey respondents were women, 38.9% lived in the Greater Buenos Aires area and 27.1 % in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The most commonly reported main cardiovascular disease was hypertension (52.1%); 42% required medical care and 57.9% could not access to consultation due to issues related with the health system in 68.2% of cases. Only 16.4% did not request medical care for fear of becoming infected with COVID-19. Seventy-two percent required prescriptions and 13% did not obtain them. Access to vaccination was normal in 41.4% of respondents. Social mandatory isolation was respected in 92.4% of cases. Finally, 54.6% of the surveyed population felt unprotected by the health system. Conclusions: We believe that access of the population with chronic cardiovascular diseases to the health system should be warranted in order to adapt monitoring and minimize hospitalization due to decompensation in this high-risk population.

10.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 54(1): 21-28, ene-abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103497

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una patología de alta prevalencia asociada al sobrepeso y la obesidad. La relación entre el síndrome metabólico (SM) y la AOS no ha sido comunicada en nuestro medio. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo en adultos seleccionados para poligrafía respiratoria y evaluación metabólica clasificados según la presencia de SM. Resultados: incluimos 302 pacientes. La prevalencia de obesidad fue de 66,88% y de SM de 62,58%. El 19% presentó síntomas de somnolencia diurna y el 48,3% mostró cinco o más componentes del cuestionario STOP-BANG. Los pacientes con AOS fueron mayormente del sexo masculino, con mayor edad, peso corporal, circunferencia de cintura y cuello comparados con el grupo sin AOS (57 vs 49 años, p<0,001; 93,89 vs 85 kg, p<0,05; 108 vs 100 cm, p<0,001 respectivamente). Mostraron mayores valores de triglicéridos, presión arterial sistólica, obesidad e índice de desaturación (134 vs 99 mg/dl, p<0,001; 134 vs 128 mmHg, p<0,05; 69,2 vs 52,3%, p<0,05 y 14,6 vs 2 ev/h, p<0,001 respectivamente). La cantidad de componentes de STOP-BANG fue mayor en los pacientes con AOS (5 vs 3; p<0,001). Conclusiones: AOS y SM están frecuentemente relacionados y permanecen subdiagnosticados. La utilización de cuestionarios validados facilita la identificación de candidatos a estudios de sueño. Se necesitan implementar programas de gestión de hábitos saludables para prevenir las complicaciones de ambas patologías


Introduction: the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a pathology of high prevalence associated with overweight and obesity. The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and OSA has not been reported in our environment. Materials and methods: retrospective study in adults selected for respiratory polygraphy and metabolic evaluation classified according to the presence of MS. Results: we included 302 patients. The prevalence of obesity was 66.88% and MS 62.58%. 19% had symptoms of daytime sleepiness and 48.3% showed 5 or more components of the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Patients with OSA were mostly male, older, body weight, waist and neck circumference compared to the group without OSA (57 vs 49 years, p<0.001; 93.89 vs 85kg, p<0.05; 108 vs. 100 cm, p<0.001 respectively). They showed higher values of triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, obesity and desaturation index (134 vs 99 mg/dl, p<0.001; 134 vs 128 mmHg, p<0.05; 69.2 vs. 52.3%, p<0.05 and 14.6 vs 2 ev/h, p<0.001 respectively). The amount of STOP-BANG components was higher in patients with OSA (5 vs 3; p<0.001). Conclusions: AOS and MS are frequently related and remain underdiagnosed. The use of validated questionnaires facilitates the identification of candidates for sleep studies. It is necessary to implement healthy habits management programs to prevent complications of both pathologies


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Metabolic Syndrome , Obesity
11.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(3): 179-186, set. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041702

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La presencia de apneas obstructivas del sueño (AOS) constituye una patología prevalente, cuya severidad se estima a partir del índice de apneas e hipopneas (IAH). Se define AOS muy severo (AOSms) por un AHI ≥ 60 eventos/hora cuyas características clínicas podrían ser diferentes. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características clínicas de pacientes con AOSs y compararlas con formas menos severas de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes derivados a un centro especializado en hipertensión arterial que reunían criterios clínicos para el estudio de AOS. Los pacientes se estudiaron mediante una poligrafía respiratoria, MAPA, cuestionarios y laboratorio. Se utilizaron tests no paramétricos para el análisis de los resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 115 pacientes con AOS, de los cuales 57 presentaron AOS moderado (AOSm), 48 AOSs y 10 AOSms. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), glucemia, porcentaje de pacientes diabéticos, diámetro de cintura ni de cuello. Se observó un incremento en la proporción de pacientes con hipertensión arterial al aumentar la severidad del AOS que sólo resultó significativo para el valor de la presión arterial diastólica en los pacientes muy severos (AOSms: 94.0 ± 7.7 mmHg vs AOSs: 87.9 ± 8.7 mmHg y AOSm: 84.4 ± 8.2 mmHg; p < 0.05 y p < 0.01 respectivamente). Conclusiones: En concordancia con trabajos previos, nuestros pacientes con AOSms presentaron mayor grado de hipertensión diastólica con características clínicas similares a las formas menos severas de AOS.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Hypertension
12.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(3): 187-194, set. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041703

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The presence of obstructive sleep apneas (OSA) is a prevalent disease, whose severity is determined from the Apnea- Hypopnea Index (AHI). Very severe OSA (vsOSA) is defined by an AHI ≥ 60 events/hour; with clinical characteristics that could be different. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with sOSA and compare them with less severe manifestations of this disease. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of patients referred to a specialized hypertension center who met clinical criteria for the study of OSA. Patients were analyzed by means of a respiratory polygraphy, Ambulatory Monitoring of Arterial Pressure (AMAP), questionnaires and laboratory tests. We used non-parametric tests for the analysis of the results. Results: Of the 115 patients with OSA included in the study, 57 showed moderate OSA (mOSA), 48 sOSA and 10 vsOSA. No statistically significant differences were observed in age, Body Mass Index (BMI), glycemia, percentage of diabetic patients, or waist or neck diameter. We observed that the proportion of patients with arterial hypertension became higher as the severity of the OSA increased. This increase was significant only regarding the value of diastolic arterial pressure in very severe patients (vsOSA: 94.0 ± 7.7 mmHg vs. sOSA: 87.9 ± 8.7 mmHg and mOSA: 84.4 ± 8.2 mmHg; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: In agreement with previous studies, our patients with vsOSA showed a higher degree of diastolic hypertension with clinical characteristics similar to less severe manifestations of OSA.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Hypertension
13.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(3): 195-202, set. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041704

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial y las apneas obstructivas del sueño constituyen patologías de alta prevalencia frecuentemente relacionadas. Comprender los perfiles hemodinámicos permitiría orientar el tratamiento basado en los cambios producidos por la combinación de ambas patologías. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo; piloto y exploratorio, con el objetivo de caracterizar los patrones hemodinámicos de los pacientes derivados al Centro de Hipertensión Arterial que se encontraban sin tratamiento farmacológico al momento de la consulta. El patrón hemodinámico y el contenido fluido torácico fueron evaluados mediante cardiografía por impedancia. Además, se registraron los valores de presión arterial tanto de consultorio como de monitoreo ambulatorio de 24 horas y la sospecha de apneas del sueño fue evaluada objetivamente mediante poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 58 pacientes. El diagnóstico de apneas del sueño fue confirmado en 84.5% de los casos (46.5% moderada a severa) y el de hipertensión arterial en el 65.2%. Los hallazgos de este estudio mostraron una disminución progresiva de la proporción de patrón normodinámico y contenido fluido torácico normal, en relación al incremento de la severidad del trastorno respiratorio del sueño (p 0.5). Más aún, la presión de consultorio, sistólica y diastólica, mostraron un incremento progresivo en relación al incremento en la severidad de la apnea del sueño (p 0.05 y 0.01). Conclusión: El trastorno respiratorio del sueño moderado- severo se relacionó con incremento de las cifras tensionales en reposo y una tendencia que no alcanzo significación estadística en el hallazgo de patrones hemodinámicos alterados.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Hypertension
14.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(3): 203-210, set. 2019. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041705

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apneas are high prevalence diseases frequently associated. Understanding the hemodynamic profiles would allow treatment administration basing on the changes produced by the combination of both diseases. Materials and Methods: A prospective, exploratory pilot study was conducted with the purpose of characterizing the hemodynamic patterns of patients referred to the Arterial Hypertension Center who were without pharmacological treatment at the time of consultation. The hemodynamic pattern and thoracic fluid content were evaluated by impedance cardiography. In addition, office and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of arterial pressure values were recorded; and the suspicion of sleep apnea was objectively assessed by means of home respiratory polygraphy. Results: 58 patients were included. The diagnosis of sleep apnea was confirmed in 84.5% of the cases (46.5% moderate to severe), and arterial hypertension in 65.2%. The findings of this study showed a progressive decrease in the proportion of the normodynamic pattern and normal thoracic fluid content, in relation to the increase in the severity of the respiratory sleep disorder (p 0.5). Furthermore, office systolic and diastolic pressure showed a progressive increase in relation to the increase in the severity of sleep apnea (p 0.05 and 0.01). Conclusion: The moderate-severe respiratory sleep disorder was related to an increase in resting blood pressure and a trend that did not reach statistical significance in the findings of altered hemodynamic patterns.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Hypertension
15.
Front. med. (En línea) ; 14(2): 69-73, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103182

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) y el síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) presentan alta prevalencia y relación. La HTA predispone a insuficiencia cardíaca, infarto de miocardio, insuficiencia renal y accidente cerebrovascular, mientras que el SAHOS es un problema sanitario emergente asociado a mayor morbimortalidad, por accidentes de tránsito y complicaciones cardiovasculares. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características hemodinámicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de HTA y SAHOS. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de HTA y SAHOS sin tratamiento. Se dividieron en tres categorías: HTA sin SAHOS, HTA con SAHOS y un grupo control de normotensos con SAHOS. Se realizó el diagnóstico mediante el registro de la presión arterial de consultorio y el monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial. El patrón hemodinámico y el contenido de fluido torácico (CFT) fueron evaluados por cardiografía por impedancia (CGI) y se diagnosticó SAHOS por poligrafía respiratoria ambulatoria. Resultados. Los pacientes con HTA y SAHOS presentaron un patrón hemodinámico vasoconstrictor y valores superiores de TFC respecto de los normotensos con SAHOS y HTA sin SAHOS. Conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren mayor compromiso de los sistemas simpático y renina angiotensina aldosterona. Estos hallazgos brindan nuevas hipótesis para continuar esta línea de investigación con mayor número de pacientes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Cardiography, Impedance , Hypertension , Diagnosis
16.
Clin Exp Hypertens ; 41(7): 687-691, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30497297

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hypertension (HT) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSA) are prevalent and frequently related pathologies. The predictive value of screening questionnaires in cardiovascular settings is not totally clear and could be useful to select candidates for the sleep test. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study in adults with suspected HT referred to a day-care hospital. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin, and STOP-BANG (SBQ) questionnaire were checked against data from home-based respiratory polygraphy (RP). We calculated sensitivity (S) and specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) for each questionnaire and their combinations. Results: We analyzed 382 patients; 234 men (61.3%) and 148 women, mean age: 54.5 ± 13.7 years, body mass index (BMI): 33.1 ± 7.8 kg/m2, ESS: 7.4 ± 4.7. Seventy-eight percent had an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >5 events per hour (eV/h) and 58% presented >15 eV/h (mean: 17.5 ± 9.3 eV/h). With regard to clinically significant OSA (AHI > 15 eV/h), 5 SBQ components showed S: 100% (CI: 97-100) and Sp: 98% (CI: 95-99) with a NPV of 100, a PPV of 97.8, and an AUC-ROC of 0.90 (p < 0.0001). ESS > 10 + high-risk Berlin did not perform as effectively. Conclusion: In a population of HT patients, SBQ > 5 performed better at identifying patients with >15 eV/hour with a high discrimination power.


Subject(s)
Hypertension/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Aged , Area Under Curve , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polysomnography , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve
18.
Prensa méd. argent ; 104(1): 25-31, 20180000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1370867

ABSTRACT

de la hipótesis de que la creación de un área específica para la atención integrada e integral del paciente hipertenso facilitaría el diagnóstico y control de esta patología y mejoraría la calidad de atención, se implementó esta estrategia asistencial en 2015 con la construcción y puesta en funcionamiento de un Centro de Hipertensión Arterial (CHTA). Luego de dos años de funcionamiento, para comprobar nuestra hipótesis evaluamos el grado de satisfacción en la atención administrativa, médica y edilicia de los pacientes hipertensos asistidos en este Centro y comparamos las respuestas con un modelo clásico de atención en consultorio externo dentro del Hospital Central (HC).. Material y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo utilizando como instrumento de medición una encuesta anónima, no obligatoria. Se entregó para su respuesta a los pacientes que debían realizarse estudios para el diagnóstico o control de su presión arterial luego de ser evaluados por el cardiólogo tanto a los asistidos en el CHTA como a los de Consultorio externo en el Hospital Central (HC) Resultados. Completaron la encuesta 393 pacientes (244 correspondientes al CHTA y 149 del HC) durante el período comprendido entre Febrero y Abril de 2016. Demostramos una mayor satisfacción y percepción de mejor calidad de atención en los pacientes del CTHA comparado con el HC. La diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa Conclusión. La calidad de la atención ofrecida en un Centro de Hipertensión Arterial demostró ser superior a la que se brinda a los pacientes hipertensos en HC. Se comprobó una mejor percepción de la atención a nivel administrativo, médico y edilicio. La creación de estos centros multidisciplinarios contribuye a la mejora de la calidad asistencial del paciente hipertenso.


This is an experience on the evaluation of the quality of care in an Artery Hypertension Center (AHC) from an Universitary Hospital (CH). Since the hypothesis that the creation of a specific area for an integral care and the effectiveness achieved in hypertensive patients, would facilitate the diagnosis and control of this pathology, and simultaneously will improve the quality of assistance, it was instituted the functioning of an Artery Hypertension Center. A prospective study showed a better health behavior in the quality of life of the hypertensive patients from the AHC compared with those treated in the CH. The conclusions were based on cost effectiveness analysis that observed a well-managed care which achieved a better health behavior in the patients from the health center


Subject(s)
Humans , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Patient-Centered Care , Arterial Pressure , Ambulatory Care , Health Planning Organizations/organization & administration
19.
Clin Exp Hypertens ; 40(3): 231-237, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28872361

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To identify patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome at a specialized hypertension center, we administered questionnaires and used respiratory polygraphy (RP). RESULTS: We studied 168 patients (64.8% men and 35.2% women). Patients' body mass index (BMI) was 34.7 ± 6.79 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores were 8.01 for male and 8.92 for women (p = 0.69). RP recordings revealed AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) of 18.03 ± 15.7, an ODI (Oxygen Desaturation Index) of 18.6 ± 15.2, and a time oxygen saturation <90% (%) of 20.8 ± 24.3. Around 44% of patients had an AHI of >15 events/h, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was recommended to 69 patients (41.07%). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) showed high values in AHI > 15/h (p = 0.050), and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) did not correlate with AHI > 15; right IMT: 0.83 ± 1.3 versus 0.78 ± 0.13 mm (p = 0.41) and 0.82 ± 0.16 versus 0.78 ± 0.19 mm (p = 0.40). However, we find correlation with carotid plaque (p = 0.046). The ACC/AHA calculator revealed a gradual increase in the risk of cardiovascular events: 8.7% with AHI < 5/h, and 30.3% in severe OSA. CONCLUSIONS: In hypertension (HT) patients, RP revealed a high prevalence of OSA associated with carotid artery disease, high PWV, and increased cardiovascular risk.


Subject(s)
Hypertension/physiopathology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Body Mass Index , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Polysomnography , Prevalence , Pulse Wave Analysis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires
20.
Assist Inferm Ric ; 35(2): 62-9, 2016.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27384452

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: . Efficacy of splint with heel off-loaded in children with lower limbs plaster cast. Randomised open label trial. INTRODUCTION: Plasters cast are medical devices widely used in paediatric orthopaedics; however, few studies have addressed the occurrence and prevention of device-related complications. AIM: To evaluate whether positioning a custom made splint with heel off-loaded, would relieve pain, reduce care interventions, the materials to maintain heel unloading position and, at the same time, improve comfort and reduce pressure sores in children with lower limb plaster. METHODS: Children enrolled in the study were randomised to splint, provided with a custom made splint positioned underneath the lower limb plaster after surgery; in the second group (control) the plaster position was maintained with cushions. RESULTS: A total of 57 children were enrolled from November 2014 to August 2015, 29 in the treatment group (50.8%) and 28 in the control group (49.2%). Pain median levels were 4 (splint) vs. 5 (control) p=ns; mean number of care intervention was 2.1 (splint) vs. 5.2 (control) p<0.0005; materials used were 1.3 (splint) vs. 2.8 (control) p<0.0005; perceived comfort was 8.9 (splint) vs. 7.6 (control) p<0.001. A difference in the total number of pressure sores was observed with 1 case in the splint group vs. 5 cases in the control group RR 0.21 (IC 95% -1.88-2.29; P 0.079). CONCLUSIONS: The use of splint is effective in reducing care intervention the use of other materials and in improving comfort, but not in relieving pain.


Subject(s)
Casts, Surgical , Splints , Casts, Surgical/adverse effects , Child , Equipment Design , Female , Heel , Humans , Leg , Male , Pain/etiology , Pain/prevention & control , Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control
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